Mycoplasma bovis, M. bovigenitalium AND M. dispar AS BOVINE PATHOGENS: BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PATHOGENS (review)

The cattle mycoplasmas are widespread throughout the world (A.M. Parker et al., 2018; M. Abed Alhussen 2020). This review presents data on epidemiology and diagnosis of mycoplasmosis in caused by M. bovis, bovigenitalium, dispar. Mycoplasmas can cause economically important diseases cattle, including mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis, otitis media, pneumonia, reproductive disorders (R.A.J. Nicholas 2008; F.P. Maunsell 2011). characterized a size up to 150 μm, small genome (0.58-1.38 million base pairs) low G-C composition (23-40 %) absence cell wall which determines their polymorphism resistance antibiotics, influencing synthesis bacterial P. Vos Mycoplasma surface antigens highly variable both vitro vivo, leads significant variability isolates (M.A. Rasheed 2017). They also play an role overcoming host’s immune system. In addition, some these involved adhesion host cells (Y. Guo After adhesion, many produce variety products that damage enhance pathogenesis (L.A. Khan 2005). form biofilms increase drying out heat stress (L. McAuliffe 2006; F. Gomes 2016). Moreover, invasion intracellular survival contributes preservation spread organism (J. Van der Merwe 2010). incubation period for mycoplasma infection depends factors, i.e., infectious dose, presence associated infections, conditions keeping animals herd state (M.J. Calcutt 2018). Sick source infection, because they shed pathogen with nasal discharge sperm several months sometimes years (K.A. Clothier 2010; V. Punyapornwithaya It should be noted at temperatures, remain viable long time: deeply frozen semen, (A. Kumar high contagiousness species spp., sensitivity treatment consequences culling affected population make timely accurate disease control prevention cultural methods applied isolation identification pathogen. However, have limitations. Cultivation requires complex medium, special equipment technical skills (R.A.J. M.J. A.M. Andersson 2019). require 7-10-day cultivation temperature 37 °С 5-10 % CO2. colony has “Fried-egg” appearance characteristic most (P.J. Quinn By contrast, PCR provides rapid detecting mycoplasmal DNA Furthermore, other diagnostics bovine used, such as MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-light mass spectrometry), latex agglutination, immunochromatographic assays etc., however, each method its advantages disadvantages, considered before application B. Pardon